Kidney stones disease is a condition in which pieces of minerals called calculi are formed in the kidney. These minerals may remain in the kidney or may be eliminated from the body via the urinary tract. Initially, these are small pieces of minerals that can be easily engaged in kidney urine (approximately 90% of kidney stones smaller than 5 mm and approximately 50% of kidney stones larger than 5 mm eliminates by itself). If these conglomerates stay in the kidneys for a longer time, they are joined together into large stones that can block the ureter. As a result, you may experience symptoms such as pain.
Renal colic is manifested by a sudden sharp pain occurred in the lumbar area (the lower back), pain that is felt also in the abdomen and external genitalia and is caused by a kidney stone which starts to migrate from the kidney in urinary tract.
Renal colic is usually accompanied by the following:
Pain decreases in intensity when the calculi are mobilized and unblocking the ureter, and it disappears when the calculi is eliminated into the bladder.
As renal colic can last from several minutes to several hours, person suffering can try at home to deal with the pain, primarily through the limiting fluid intake during painful crisis. One can try removing pain with analgesics, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic. Most times the pain does not respond to oral administration of these drugs and it becomes imperative to get to the emergency room where the drugs will be administered intravenously and/or intramuscular.
After renal colic has ended, restarting hydration is necessary in order to avoid form new calculi.
Kidney stones are formed due to the modified balance of various components of urine: water, salts, minerals and other compounds of urine.
There are also several medical conditions that may affect the normal composition of urine, especially those that interfere with how calcium and other minerals are metabolized (such as various inflammatory bowel diseases).
In rare cases, increased production of parathyroid hormones results in increased blood calcium concentration and this leads to kidney stones.
Of great importance in this disease is the diet. The subjects who consume foods high in oxalates (as greens and chocolate) in combination with a poor calcium diet are susceptible to kidney stones.
Not least, kidney stones can be an inherited disease, occurring over several generations of a family.
Prevention of kidney stones consists of a proper hydration (at least 2 liters of liquids per day), in adopting a low protein diet and for calcium-based stones it is further recommended as specific measures a diet low with oxalates (should limit consumption of red beet, chocolate, coffee, nuts, spinach, strawberry and tea).
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